Malaria & Malaria Prevention
Introduction
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Malaria
Malaria is a serious disease that is prevalent in certain parts of the world — typically in tropical and subtropical climates. The disease is spread through mosquito bites.
If malaria isn’t diagnosed and treated quickly, it can potentially be fatal. Therefore, it’s important to be aware of the symptoms, especially if you are travelling to places that are high risk.
What Is Malaria?
Malaria is a disease that is spread to humans through mosquito bites.
Every year, millions of people are infected with malaria, and the disease is responsible for hundreds of thousands of deaths. In 2021, the WHO estimated that there were 241 million cases of malaria globally and that in 2020, there were an estimated 621,000 deaths from malaria.
Africa has the most Malaria cases — the continent accounted for 95% of malaria cases and 96% of malaria deaths in 2020. Malaria is also present in Central and South America, areas of the Middle East, and some Pacific islands.
Malaria is caused by a parasite — an organism that lives on or in a host organism. The parasite is passed to humans when they are bitten by an infected mosquito.
Other jet lag symptoms include:
- Indigestion, constipation or diarrhoea
- Headaches, nausea and loss of appetite
- Anxiety and irritability
- Feelings of disorientation, lethargy and light-headedness
- Feeling confused
- Difficulty concentrating and clumsiness
- Sweating
Malaria Symptoms
It’s important to be aware of malaria symptoms especially if you’re travelling to any areas where there is a higher risk of the disease.
The symptoms of malaria include:
- Chills
- Fever
- Headache
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Diarrhoea
- Muscle pain
- Fatigue
- Fast heart rate
- Fast breathing
- Coughing
How Is Malaria Spread?
Malaria is most commonly spread by the female Anopheles mosquito. Only this type of mosquito can transmit malaria.
The mosquito is infected via a blood meal previously taken from an infected human, which contained microscopic malaria parasites. When the mosquito bites another human, these parasites mix with the saliva of the mosquito and are ‘injected’ into the person’s bloodstream.
As the malaria parasite is present in an infected person’s red blood cells, it can potentially be transmitted through an organ transplant, blood transfusion or sharing contaminated needles.
Mothers can also transmit malaria to their unborn babies before, or during, delivery. This is known as congenital malaria.
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